What type of terrain is likely to cause the most turbulent air at noon?

The correct choice, which highlights mountains or dark areas that gather heat, is relevant because these terrains heat up more quickly compared to others, generating rising columns of warm air known as thermals. At noon, when the sun is at its peak, the intensity of solar radiation maximizes, causing more significant temperature differences between the ground and the surrounding air. These conditions especially enhance turbulence, as the rising warm air interacts with the cooler air above.

Mountains can exacerbate this phenomenon due to their elevation and the way they redirect wind currents. As air flows over mountainous terrain, it can create turbulent eddies and updrafts. Darker areas, such as asphalt or dark soil, absorb more heat, contributing further to the development of localized thermal activity. Consequently, the combination of these factors leads to heightened turbulence compared to the other terrains mentioned.

Flat grasslands and sandy deserts typically exhibit less turbulence due to their uniform heating characteristics. Open water bodies tend to remain cooler and do not contribute to significant thermal activity, thus resulting in more stable air conditions. Therefore, the combination of elevated terrain and heat absorption in certain areas makes mountains or dark territories the most likely sources of turbulence during noon.